Experimental 1
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 0 degrees, then 5 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 50%, then 75%, then 90%), Phase 3 (control 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Control 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The control group will perform three sets of ten repetitions of the following 4 exercises, for a total of 120 repetitions: 1) standing hip abduction against green theraband resistance with upper extremity support, 2) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 3) bilateral calf raises with upper extremity support, and 4) right and left weight shifting exercises using a wobble board with upper extremity support available if needed.
Other names:
- conventional physical therapy
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Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
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Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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Experimental 2
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 0 degrees, then 5 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 50%, then 90%, then 75%), Phase 3 (control 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Control 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The control group will perform three sets of ten repetitions of the following 4 exercises, for a total of 120 repetitions: 1) standing hip abduction against green theraband resistance with upper extremity support, 2) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 3) bilateral calf raises with upper extremity support, and 4) right and left weight shifting exercises using a wobble board with upper extremity support available if needed.
Other names:
- conventional physical therapy
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Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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Experimental 3
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 0 degrees, then 5 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 75%, then 50%, then 90%), Phase 3 (control 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Control 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The control group will perform three sets of ten repetitions of the following 4 exercises, for a total of 120 repetitions: 1) standing hip abduction against green theraband resistance with upper extremity support, 2) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 3) bilateral calf raises with upper extremity support, and 4) right and left weight shifting exercises using a wobble board with upper extremity support available if needed.
Other names:
- conventional physical therapy
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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Experimental 4
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 0 degrees, then 5 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 75%, then 90%, then 50%), Phase 3 (control 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Control 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The control group will perform three sets of ten repetitions of the following 4 exercises, for a total of 120 repetitions: 1) standing hip abduction against green theraband resistance with upper extremity support, 2) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 3) bilateral calf raises with upper extremity support, and 4) right and left weight shifting exercises using a wobble board with upper extremity support available if needed.
Other names:
- conventional physical therapy
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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Experimental 5
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 0 degrees, then 5 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 90%, then 50%, then 75%), Phase 3 (control 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Control 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The control group will perform three sets of ten repetitions of the following 4 exercises, for a total of 120 repetitions: 1) standing hip abduction against green theraband resistance with upper extremity support, 2) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 3) bilateral calf raises with upper extremity support, and 4) right and left weight shifting exercises using a wobble board with upper extremity support available if needed.
Other names:
- conventional physical therapy
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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Experimental 6
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 0 degrees, then 5 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 90%, then 75%, then 50%), Phase 3 (control 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Control 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The control group will perform three sets of ten repetitions of the following 4 exercises, for a total of 120 repetitions: 1) standing hip abduction against green theraband resistance with upper extremity support, 2) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 3) bilateral calf raises with upper extremity support, and 4) right and left weight shifting exercises using a wobble board with upper extremity support available if needed.
Other names:
- conventional physical therapy
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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Experimental 7
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 5 degrees, then 0 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 50%, then 75%, then 90%), Phase 3 (control 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Control 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The control group will perform three sets of ten repetitions of the following 4 exercises, for a total of 120 repetitions: 1) standing hip abduction against green theraband resistance with upper extremity support, 2) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 3) bilateral calf raises with upper extremity support, and 4) right and left weight shifting exercises using a wobble board with upper extremity support available if needed.
Other names:
- conventional physical therapy
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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Experimental 8
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 5 degrees, then 0 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 50%, then 90%, then 75%), Phase 3 (control 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Control 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The control group will perform three sets of ten repetitions of the following 4 exercises, for a total of 120 repetitions: 1) standing hip abduction against green theraband resistance with upper extremity support, 2) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 3) bilateral calf raises with upper extremity support, and 4) right and left weight shifting exercises using a wobble board with upper extremity support available if needed.
Other names:
- conventional physical therapy
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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Experimental 9
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 5 degrees, then 0 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 75%, then 50%, then 90%), Phase 3 (control 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Control 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The control group will perform three sets of ten repetitions of the following 4 exercises, for a total of 120 repetitions: 1) standing hip abduction against green theraband resistance with upper extremity support, 2) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 3) bilateral calf raises with upper extremity support, and 4) right and left weight shifting exercises using a wobble board with upper extremity support available if needed.
Other names:
- conventional physical therapy
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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Experimental 10
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 5 degrees, then 0 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 75%, then 90%, then 50%), Phase 3 (control 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Control 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The control group will perform three sets of ten repetitions of the following 4 exercises, for a total of 120 repetitions: 1) standing hip abduction against green theraband resistance with upper extremity support, 2) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 3) bilateral calf raises with upper extremity support, and 4) right and left weight shifting exercises using a wobble board with upper extremity support available if needed.
Other names:
- conventional physical therapy
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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Experimental 11
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 5 degrees, then 0 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 90%, then 50%, then 75%), Phase 3 (control 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Control 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The control group will perform three sets of ten repetitions of the following 4 exercises, for a total of 120 repetitions: 1) standing hip abduction against green theraband resistance with upper extremity support, 2) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 3) bilateral calf raises with upper extremity support, and 4) right and left weight shifting exercises using a wobble board with upper extremity support available if needed.
Other names:
- conventional physical therapy
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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Experimental 12
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 5 degrees, then 0 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 90%, then 75%, then 50%), Phase 3 (control 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Control 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The control group will perform three sets of ten repetitions of the following 4 exercises, for a total of 120 repetitions: 1) standing hip abduction against green theraband resistance with upper extremity support, 2) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 3) bilateral calf raises with upper extremity support, and 4) right and left weight shifting exercises using a wobble board with upper extremity support available if needed.
Other names:
- conventional physical therapy
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
|
Experimental 13
|
Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 0 degrees, then 5 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 50%, then 75%, then 90%), Phase 3 (experimental 4-week exercise intervention)
|
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Experimental 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group will perform the skateboard exercise with the optimal parameters established during studies 1 and 2 (that is, an incline angle of either 0 or 5 degrees and a body weight percentage of 50%, 75%, or 90%)--the forward and backward speed of the skateboard will be cued with a metronome that will set at a beats per minute that matches the foot strike cadence of someone walking at 0.7 m/s, and the magnitude of forward excursion of the skateboard will be individualized to the participant based on GAITRite® data (that is, step length of the non-paretic LE).
Other names:
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
|
Experimental 14
|
Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 0 degrees, then 5 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 50%, then 90%, then 75%), Phase 3 (experimental 4-week exercise intervention)
|
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Experimental 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group will perform the skateboard exercise with the optimal parameters established during studies 1 and 2 (that is, an incline angle of either 0 or 5 degrees and a body weight percentage of 50%, 75%, or 90%)--the forward and backward speed of the skateboard will be cued with a metronome that will set at a beats per minute that matches the foot strike cadence of someone walking at 0.7 m/s, and the magnitude of forward excursion of the skateboard will be individualized to the participant based on GAITRite® data (that is, step length of the non-paretic LE).
Other names:
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
|
Experimental 15
|
Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 0 degrees, then 5 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 75%, then 50%, then 90%), Phase 3 (experimental 4-week exercise intervention)
|
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Experimental 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group will perform the skateboard exercise with the optimal parameters established during studies 1 and 2 (that is, an incline angle of either 0 or 5 degrees and a body weight percentage of 50%, 75%, or 90%)--the forward and backward speed of the skateboard will be cued with a metronome that will set at a beats per minute that matches the foot strike cadence of someone walking at 0.7 m/s, and the magnitude of forward excursion of the skateboard will be individualized to the participant based on GAITRite® data (that is, step length of the non-paretic LE).
Other names:
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
|
Experimental 16
|
Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 0 degrees, then 5 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 75%, then 90%, then 50%), Phase 3 (experimental 4-week exercise intervention)
|
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Experimental 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group will perform the skateboard exercise with the optimal parameters established during studies 1 and 2 (that is, an incline angle of either 0 or 5 degrees and a body weight percentage of 50%, 75%, or 90%)--the forward and backward speed of the skateboard will be cued with a metronome that will set at a beats per minute that matches the foot strike cadence of someone walking at 0.7 m/s, and the magnitude of forward excursion of the skateboard will be individualized to the participant based on GAITRite® data (that is, step length of the non-paretic LE).
Other names:
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
|
Experimental 17
|
Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 0 degrees, then 5 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 90%, then 50%, then 75%), Phase 3 (experimental 4-week exercise intervention)
|
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Experimental 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group will perform the skateboard exercise with the optimal parameters established during studies 1 and 2 (that is, an incline angle of either 0 or 5 degrees and a body weight percentage of 50%, 75%, or 90%)--the forward and backward speed of the skateboard will be cued with a metronome that will set at a beats per minute that matches the foot strike cadence of someone walking at 0.7 m/s, and the magnitude of forward excursion of the skateboard will be individualized to the participant based on GAITRite® data (that is, step length of the non-paretic LE).
Other names:
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
|
Experimental 18
|
Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 0 degrees, then 5 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 90%, then 75%, then 50%), Phase 3 (experimental 4-week exercise intervention)
|
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Experimental 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group will perform the skateboard exercise with the optimal parameters established during studies 1 and 2 (that is, an incline angle of either 0 or 5 degrees and a body weight percentage of 50%, 75%, or 90%)--the forward and backward speed of the skateboard will be cued with a metronome that will set at a beats per minute that matches the foot strike cadence of someone walking at 0.7 m/s, and the magnitude of forward excursion of the skateboard will be individualized to the participant based on GAITRite® data (that is, step length of the non-paretic LE).
Other names:
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
|
Experimental 19
|
Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 5 degrees, then 0 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 50%, then 75%, then 90%), Phase 3 (experimental 4-week exercise intervention)
|
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Experimental 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group will perform the skateboard exercise with the optimal parameters established during studies 1 and 2 (that is, an incline angle of either 0 or 5 degrees and a body weight percentage of 50%, 75%, or 90%)--the forward and backward speed of the skateboard will be cued with a metronome that will set at a beats per minute that matches the foot strike cadence of someone walking at 0.7 m/s, and the magnitude of forward excursion of the skateboard will be individualized to the participant based on GAITRite® data (that is, step length of the non-paretic LE).
Other names:
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
|
Experimental 20
|
Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 5 degrees, then 0 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 50%, then 90%, then 75%), Phase 3 (experimental 4-week exercise intervention)
|
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Experimental 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group will perform the skateboard exercise with the optimal parameters established during studies 1 and 2 (that is, an incline angle of either 0 or 5 degrees and a body weight percentage of 50%, 75%, or 90%)--the forward and backward speed of the skateboard will be cued with a metronome that will set at a beats per minute that matches the foot strike cadence of someone walking at 0.7 m/s, and the magnitude of forward excursion of the skateboard will be individualized to the participant based on GAITRite® data (that is, step length of the non-paretic LE).
Other names:
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
|
Experimental 21
|
Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 5 degrees, then 0 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 75%, then 50%, then 90%), Phase 3 (experimental 4-week exercise intervention)
|
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Experimental 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group will perform the skateboard exercise with the optimal parameters established during studies 1 and 2 (that is, an incline angle of either 0 or 5 degrees and a body weight percentage of 50%, 75%, or 90%)--the forward and backward speed of the skateboard will be cued with a metronome that will set at a beats per minute that matches the foot strike cadence of someone walking at 0.7 m/s, and the magnitude of forward excursion of the skateboard will be individualized to the participant based on GAITRite® data (that is, step length of the non-paretic LE).
Other names:
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
|
Experimental 22
|
Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 5 degrees, then 0 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 75%, then 90%, then 50%), Phase 3 (experimental 4-week exercise intervention)
|
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Experimental 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group will perform the skateboard exercise with the optimal parameters established during studies 1 and 2 (that is, an incline angle of either 0 or 5 degrees and a body weight percentage of 50%, 75%, or 90%)--the forward and backward speed of the skateboard will be cued with a metronome that will set at a beats per minute that matches the foot strike cadence of someone walking at 0.7 m/s, and the magnitude of forward excursion of the skateboard will be individualized to the participant based on GAITRite® data (that is, step length of the non-paretic LE).
Other names:
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
|
Experimental 23
|
Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 5 degrees, then 0 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 90%, then 50%, then 75%), Phase 3 (experimental 4-week exercise intervention)
|
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Experimental 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group will perform the skateboard exercise with the optimal parameters established during studies 1 and 2 (that is, an incline angle of either 0 or 5 degrees and a body weight percentage of 50%, 75%, or 90%)--the forward and backward speed of the skateboard will be cued with a metronome that will set at a beats per minute that matches the foot strike cadence of someone walking at 0.7 m/s, and the magnitude of forward excursion of the skateboard will be individualized to the participant based on GAITRite® data (that is, step length of the non-paretic LE).
Other names:
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Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
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Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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Experimental 24
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Phase 1 (skateboard exercise at 50% body weight and an incline level of 5 degrees, then 0 degrees), Phase 2 (skateboard exercise with incline level determined to be optimal in phase 1 and body weight at 90%, then 75%, then 50%), Phase 3 (experimental 4-week exercise intervention)
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 0 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (0 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
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Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle of 5 degrees and 50% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (5 degrees) and with a specified body weight (50%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 75% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (75%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Skateboard exercise at an incline angle determined to be optimal in phase 1 (either 0 or 5 degrees) and 90% body weight
Participants will stand on a specified incline angle (either 0 or 5 degrees, whichever is determined during phase 1 to be optimal) and with a specified body weight (90%) on the paretic LE and will simultaneously move a small skateboard forward with the non-paretic LE.
-
Other: Experimental 4-week exercise intervention
This intervention occurs in phase 3. Subjects will participate in 1-hour sessions three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group will perform the skateboard exercise with the optimal parameters established during studies 1 and 2 (that is, an incline angle of either 0 or 5 degrees and a body weight percentage of 50%, 75%, or 90%)--the forward and backward speed of the skateboard will be cued with a metronome that will set at a beats per minute that matches the foot strike cadence of someone walking at 0.7 m/s, and the magnitude of forward excursion of the skateboard will be individualized to the participant based on GAITRite® data (that is, step length of the non-paretic LE).
Other names:
-
Other: Over-ground multi-directional gait training
In the over-ground multi-directional gait protocol, the participant will walk 750 steps forward, 50 steps backward, and 200 side steps over level surfaces. The over ground gait training will focus on equalizing step length while performing multi-directional gait training.
-
Other: Home exercise
Home exercise consists of three sets of ten repetitions of the following three exercises to be performed on non-therapy days over the four weeks of phase 3: 1) sit to stands from chair with no upper extremity support, 2) bilateral calf raises with hand support, and 3) resisted side stepping to the non-paretic side using a green theraband with upper extremity support.
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