Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Commonly Used Drugs in Lactating Women and Breastfed Infants

Purpose

Over half of women in the US who are breastfeeding their infants take prescription drugs. You are being asked to participate in this study because you are breastfeeding your infant and are currently taking, as part of your medical care, at least one of the drugs we are studying. We are interested in studying drugs commonly prescribed to women who are breastfeeding so we can learn more about the amount of drug that is transferred to breastmilk and estimate how much of drug that is consumed by breastfed infants.

Conditions

  • Lactating Women on Select DOI
  • Breastfed Infants of Mothers on Select DOI

Eligibility

Eligible Ages
All ages
Eligible Genders
All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No

Inclusion Criteria

  • Lactating women who are receiving at least one DOI per SOC who are ≤180 days postpartum, and their infants (≤180 days of age) who receive maternal breastmilk. - Informed consent/HIPAA obtained, according to local IRB/REB/IEC guidelines, prior to any study-related procedures. Lactating women who are not legal adults and their breastfed infants may be enrolled if they assent to participate in the study and consent is obtained from their legal guardian according to local IRB/REB/IEC guidelines.

Exclusion Criteria

  • Any concomitant condition which, in the opinion of the physicians providing patient care or the principal investigator conducting the study, would preclude a subject's participation in the study. - Known pregnancy during PK sampling.

Study Design

Phase
Study Type
Observational
Observational Model
Other
Time Perspective
Prospective

Arm Groups

ArmDescriptionAssigned Intervention
Tranexamic acid (TXA) No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Tranexamic acid (TXA)
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
labetalol No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: labetalol
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
metformin No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: metformin
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
nifedipine No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: nifedipine
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
clindamycin No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: clindamycin
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
oxycodone No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: oxycodone
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
azithromycin No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: azithromycin
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
escitalopram No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: escitalopram
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
sertraline No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: sertraline
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
ondansetron No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: ondansetron
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Ciprofloxacin No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Ciprofloxacin
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Doxycycline No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Doxycycline
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Levofloxacin No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Levofloxacin
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Methylphenidate No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Methylphenidate
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Sumatriptan No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Sumatriptan
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Citalopram No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Citalopram
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Cyclobenzaprine No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Cyclobenzaprine
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Furosemide No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Furosemide
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Gabapentin No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Gabapentin
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Hydrochlorothiazide No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Hydroxyurea No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Hydroxyurea
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Rosuvastatin No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Rosuvastatin
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Topiramate No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Topiramate
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Trazodone No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Trazodone
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Valganciclovir No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Valganciclovir
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Venlafaxine No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Venlafaxine
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Verapamil No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Verapamil
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Remdesivir No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Remdesivir
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Anakinra No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Anakinra
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Tocilizumab No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Tocilizumab
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Fluvoxamine No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Fluvoxamine
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Amoxicillin No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Amoxicillin
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Bupropion No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Bupropion
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Buprenorphine No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Buprenorphine
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Hydrocodone No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Hydrocodone
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Levetiracetam No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Levetiracetam
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Paroxetine No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Paroxetine
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.
Duloxetine No intervention, observational study and PK collections The study objectives are to characterize the PK and safety profile of DOIs that are commonly administered to lactating women. The primary focus of this analysis will be to determine drug concentrations in breastmilk and to estimate the relative infant dose.
  • Drug: Duloxetine
    Understudied drugs will be administered in accordance with local SOC as prescribed by the lactating woman's healthcare provider.

Recruiting Locations

University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Houston, Texas 77030
Contact:
Josephine Turner
713-513-6419
josephine.turner@uth.tmc.edu

More Details

Status
Recruiting
Sponsor
Duke University

Study Contact

Emily Forgey
919-660-8720
emily.forgey@duke.edu

Detailed Description

The purpose of this study is to understand if the study drugs of interest are found in breastmilk and how much; to estimate the amount of drug that is consumed by breastfed infants and what effect this may have on infants; and to share what we learn with other researchers. The study drugs of interest have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, but there is little or no information about the amount of drug found in the breastmilk of mothers who take them; the amount of drug that may be transferred to their infant's through breastmilk; or the effects this transfer may have on their infants. During this study we will ask to collect breastmilk and blood from mothers, and blood from infants, to measure the amount of study drug of interest in these body fluids. Results from this study will help researchers better understand how much of the study drug of interest is in your blood and breastmilk, and how much of the study drug of interest may be in your infant's blood because of breastfeeding.